Secure data transmission over sound frequency is an emerging communication technique that leverages acoustic waves—particularly audible and ultrasonic frequencies—to transmit digital information between devices without relying on traditional radio-frequency (RF) channels such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks. This research explores the design, implementation, and security implications of acoustic data communication systems, focusing on modulation techniques, encryption mechanisms, transmission efficiency, and resistance to interception or interference. The study investigates various sound-based modulation schemes, including Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), to encode binary data into sound waves transmitted through speakers and received via microphones. Special emphasis is placed on ultrasonic frequencies (above 18 kHz), which are generally inaudible to humans, enabling covert communication channels suitable for short-range secure environments. To ensure confidentiality and integrity, cryptographic protocols such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and secure key exchange mechanisms are integrated into the acoustic transmission framework. Experimental evaluation measures data rate, bit error rate (BER), transmission range, and environmental noise resilience across different physical conditions. The findings demonstrate that while acoustic communication offers lower bandwidth compared to RF technologies, it provides unique advantages in air-gapped systems, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, authentication protocols, and secure device pairing scenarios. However, potential vulnerabilities such as acoustic eavesdropping, signal injection, and environmental interference must be mitigated through robust encryption and adaptive modulation strategies.
Secure Acoustic Communication, Data Transmission over Sound, Ultrasonic Communication, Acoustic Modulation, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
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